Side effects influencing the nervous system include somnolence induced by higher dosages, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, sleep related eating disorders, tremors, amnesia, articulation impairment, loss of coordination, stuttering, facial paralysis, vertigo, delirium, dementia, emotional lability and hostility. Among rare cases of more severe side effects reported are coma, neuralgia, paralysis and even seizures, as well as Parkinsonism.
Cardiovascular side effects may even include an increased risk of mortality. Among the more common cardiovascular side effects caused by various treatments are tachycardia, hypertension, palpitation and ventricular extrasystoles. Rare cases include heart failure, arteritis and pulmonary embolus. Atypical antipsychotic agents usually are the cause of an increased risk of venous thromboembolism.
One of the most significant metabolic side effects is weight gain, because of a highly stimulated appetite. Other side effects may include hypokalemia, hypoglycemia and hyperlipidemia, among others. Water intoxication may occur as well. Gastrointestinal side effects are dry mouth, constipation, increased salivation and flatulence. Tooth caries, rectal hemorrhage, mouth ulceration and gastritis may also occur. Some of these effects are mostly due to improper dosage. Hepatic side effects may include hepatitis or various types of liver injury as well as influence of proper liver functioning. Pneumonia may even increase the risk of mortality and among other respiratory side effects are rhinitis, asthma, hyperventilation, laryngitis, hiccups and lung edema.
Endocrine side effects consists mainly of hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. Diabetic ketoacidosis is also possible and it can be even fatal. Hematologic side effects are very rare but they still may occur and the most common one is the leukocytosis. The treatment can also have ocular side effects and cause vision irregularities, inflammation, glaucoma and conjunctivitis. Among various other side effects are back pain, fever, dental pain, flu symptoms, neck pain and rigidity, ear pain, deafness, withdrawal syndromes and even sudden death.
Hypersensitivity syndromes sometimes occurs in patients. Urinary irregularities and infections may take place as well as various conditions associated with menstrual periods and genitals in women. Extremities in pain and stiff, twitching joints are a frequent occurrence. Grey pigmentation may affect the skin in some cases as well as sweating, development of acne and skin getting significantly dry. Eczema, rash, seborrhea, discoloration of the skin, ulcers can also occur, although not that frequently. Very rarely, even hyperpigmentation may occur.
Patients may experience delusions, depression, euphoria, manic and schizophrenic reactions to their environment. There have also been cases of suicide attempts and obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
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